Bp Sustainability Essay - 28986 Words

Sustainability Review 2010 bp.com/sustainability 2 A letter from our group chief executive / 4 How BP is changing 6 Gulf of Mexico oil spill / 14 How we operate / 22 Energy future 30 Safety / 34 Environment / 38 Society Within hours of the Deepwater Horizon accident, BP teams were working to stop the leak. We also acted to minimize the spill’s impact on the environment by containing, removing and dispersing oil offshore, protecting the shoreline and cleaning up oil that came ashore. And we worked with wildlife groups to develop rescue and rehabilitation programmes for turtles, birds and other species. www.bp.com/ gulfofmexico/inpictures What’s inside? We recognize that the events of 2010 have impacted many people, from local†¦show more content†¦These are highlighted in green.d f 0 7 188 0.085 1,067 0.48 207 236 — 417 300 2.2 0.4 59.3 10.1 0.24 64.4 1,241 539 2.5 4,026 97,000 625 17 21 5 20 — 1,065 642 10,643 69 3 4 167 0.075 1,060 0.48 204 241 — 340 213 1.0 0.3 59.2 10.7 0.20 63.5 1,124 521 22.5 3,293 98,100 624 16 22 5 19 — 974 944 11,511 48 2 3 175 0.080 951 0.43 195 245 658 335 170 3.4 0.9 57.0 9.2 0.21 61.4 1,718 530 1.1 2,520 92,000 583 14 22 6 19 15 927 765 12,280 22 0 18 134 0.069 665 0.34 174 216 537 234 122 1.2 0.2 60.4 9.6 0.22 65.0 2,149 554 66.6 2,483 80,300 492 14 23 6 21 15 874 524 12,216 30 0 14 408 0.193 1,284 0.61 168 255 418 261 142 1.7d 0.8d 60.2f 10.0f 0.22f 64.9f 1,671f 573 52.5 18,400i 79,700 482 14 24 7 19 15 742 552 11,772 14 Cautionary statement BP Sustainability Review 2010 andShow MoreRelatedBp s Improve Sustainability And Its Reputation For The Deepwater Horizon Disaster1620 Words   |  7 Pagesgentleman by the name of William D’Arcy is the founder of the world famous gas station BP. D’Arcy had a thrill over oil and decided to invest all of his savings in the quest for oil in the Middle East. Experts and scientists helped encourage D’Arcy to pursue the venture. But years started to pass and funds starting to run low, William was starting to feel as if this was the wrong investment. Throughout the years BP has gone through a plethora of ups and downs. From bankruptcy, to not being able to transportRead MoreSustainability Report of BP1447 Words   |  6 PagesWhat responsibility did the executives of BP have in making more socially responsible and safety conscious decisions at the expense of not meeting the consumer demand of cheap gas and thus lowering the returns for shareholde rs and their own compensation? Executives in many prominent companies must constantly be aware of consumer sentiments in regards to business practices. As such, executives have a very compelling social obligation for safety and compliance. This is particularly important in industriesRead MoreBp s Ethical Culture And Corporate Social Responsibility Procedures1305 Words   |  6 Pagesas it is now known as BP, has grown into one of the four major Oil and energy multi-nationals on the planet. Their success can be attributed to their innovative prowess and their ability to stay one step ahead of their competitors, by investing in places no one has before. The common perception of BP by the general public over the past decade has been quite positive, with people aligning environmental values’ with their new brand positioning. All of this changed after BP was blamed for one of theRead MoreBritish Petroleums Corporate Philosophy and the Oil Spill in the Gulf of Mexico3510 Words   |  15 PagesIn terms ofä ¾ Ã¦  ® MNE corporate philosophyä ¼ Ã¤ ¸Å¡Ã§ â€ Ã¥ ¿ µ and stakeholder strategy BP has been â€Å"ranked asè ¢ «Ã¨ ® ¤Ã¤ ¸ º one of the more environmentally responsiveçŽ ¯Ã¤ ¿ Ã¥â€œ Ã¥ ºâ€ and socially awareç ¤ ¾Ã¤ ¼Å¡Ã¦â€ž Ã¨ ¯â€  companies† Rugman and Collingson (2006, 4th Ed, p635). Explore this ranking in the light ofæ   ¹Ã¦  ®Ã¯ ¼Å'é‰ ´Ã¤ ºÅ½Ã¯ ¼Å'ä ¾ Ã¦  ® recent events in the Gulf of Mexico. 1. Explain MNE corporate philosophy. How BP work in MNE 2. Explain what is stakeholder strategy, what it is, what is BP’s stakeholder strategy, how it gonna work in the Gulf of Mexico. 3.Read MoreOil And Its Effects On The Environment1984 Words   |  8 Pagesgeneral population and taking advantage of their profits which is completely unacceptable, especially for such a large company like British Petroleum (BP). With Oil being a natural resource that is available to mine/pump by anyone who strikes it, BP is doing so for self-interest and neglecting the total effect that it has on society and the climate. No, BP is not the only company out there with stake in the oil business however, with them being one of the larger oil companies they should set a precedenceRead MoreBPs Commitment to the Recovery of Natural Resources863 Words   |  3 Pagesprojects are part of BPs commitment to provide up to $1 billion in early restoration funding to expedite recovery of natural resources injured as a result of the Deepwater Horizon accident. The early restoration framework agreement signed in 2011 requires BP and the trustees to agree upon the potential projects, funding an d the natural resources benefits the projects are expected to provide. The trustees then implement the projects. The agreement makes it possible for restoration to begin at an earlierRead MoreBritish Petroleum1639 Words   |  7 PagesBusiness and Society Introduction The Anglo-Persian Oil Company which is now known as British Petroleum (BP) was founded in 1909 and is one of the world’s leading international gas and oil companies. The multinational British company’s headquarters is located in London, United Kingdom and is one of the five largest oil companies in the world. The pioneer of the Middle Eastern oil industry, BP discovered oil in Iran before World War I and eventually became involved in all aspects of the oil industryRead MoreBp Management and Strategies Research Paper3337 Words   |  14 Pageswill look at British Petroleum, BP, one of the largest oil companies in the world. Following the Gulf Oil Spill does BP have sustainability in this market? This paper will examine the early history of the company. It will look at the competitive advantages of the organization by looking at its SWOT analysis. The company’s market strategy will be examined including its growing interest into alternative fuels. Its internal s tructure will be compared to the persona that BP is trying to convey that theyRead MoreBritish Petroleum and The Delay of Maintenance Case Analysis4904 Words   |  20 PagesPetroleum, now known as simply BP, is a multinational oil and gas company that is headquartered in London, England. On March 23, 2005, a series of massive explosions devastated one of the largest British Petroleum refineries located in Texas City. The blast rattled windows in downtown Galveston, 20 miles away and was even felt in Houston, 35 miles distant. Reports indicated that 15 people had been killed and well over 150 were injured, many of those seriously burned. A BP spokesperson addressed theRead MoreBp Oil Spill On The Gulf Of Mexico1249 Words   |  5 PagesBrittneigh Campbell POS 303 BP Oil Spill Survey Research Question How did the BP oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010 affect our economy and environment, and what does the future hold, with regard to the environment, oil drilling, and sustainability? Introduction For the best range of participants and the east of analyzation, I chose to conduct an electronic survey. I posted the survey (publically) on Facebook. This allowed people from all over the country, from almost all sections of social-economic

Supply Chain Management at Bose Corporation - 1498 Words

SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT AT BOSE CORPORATION Bose Corporation, headquartered in Framingham, Massachusetts, offers an excellent example of integrated supply chain management. Bose, a producer of audio premium speakers used in automobiles, high-fidelity systems, and consumer and commercial broadcasting systems, was founded in 1964 by Dr. Bose of MIT. Bose currently maintains plants in Massachusetts and Michigan as well as Canada, Mexico, and Ireland. Its purchasing organization, while decentralized, has some overlap that requires coordination between sites. It manages this coordination by using conference calls between managers, electronic communication, and joint problem solving. The company is moving toward single sourcing many†¦show more content†¦The company can also request removal from a terminal of any shipment that it must expedite with an air shipment. This state-of-the-art system provides a snapshot of what is happening on a daily basis and keeps Bose’s managers on top of everyday occurrences and decisions. Management proactively manages logistics time elements in pursuit of better customer service. The next step is to implement this system with all major suppliers rather than just with transportation suppliers. In the future, Bose plans to automate its entire materials system. Perhaps one of the most unique features of Bose’s procurement and logistics system is the development of JIT II. The basic premise of JIT II is simple: The person who can do the best job of ordering and managing inventory of a particular item is the supplier himself. Bose negotiated with each supplier to provide a full-time employee at the Bose plant who was responsible for ordering, shipping, and receiving materials from that plant, as well as managing on-site inventories of the items. This was done through an EDI connection between Bose’s plant and the supplier’s facility. Collocating suppliers and buyers was so successful that Bose is now implementing it at all plant locations. In fact, many other companies have also begun to implement collocation of suppliers. Assignment Questions The following assignment questions relate to ideas andShow MoreRelatedBose Case Study Final1278 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Bose Case Study By: Girdhar Agrawal goa5069 S.C.M. 406 Objective: To help Bose Corporation continuously improve, its sustainable competitive edge as technological leader of acoustic science, by analyzing and improving the performance of its Supply Chain. Executive Summary: Bose Corporation, headquartered in Framingham, Massachusetts is one of the largest producers of audio premium speakers. These speakers are used in automobiles, high-fidelity systems and consumer, commercial broadcastingRead MoreBose Case Study1101 Words   |  5 PagesSupply Chain Management at BOSE Corporation Objective: To analyze and review the current state of the Bose Corporation’s supply chain strategies. To ultimately identify the benefits, risks and overall practicality of the Bose Corporation fully implementing both their own new and unique EDI system and just-in-time system known as JIT II. Executive Summary: This report provides an analysis and evaluation of the current and future status of the Bose Corporation supply management system. ThisRead MoreBose Corporation Is A Massachusetts Based Global Supplier Of Consumer Electronics Essay1689 Words   |  7 PagesBose Corporation is a Massachusetts based global supplier of consumer electronics. Founded in 1964 by MIT-professor Dr. Amar Bose, the company’s strategy has been to combine technology with creative people to develop products that offer high performance and are simple to use, yet sophisticated (Moody, 1991). Bose prides itself on its creativity and innovation in producing quality audio components, like stereos, noise canceling headsets and premier automobile stereo systems. Bose is also known forRead MoreImproving The Manufacturing And Service Delivery Processes For Companies1532 Words   |  7 Pagesmodularized way, the mass customization can reduce the company’s all in costs. Companies as one of the principle reasons for manufacturing use cost reductions. Customized treatment of individual customers requires flexible processes that join demand chain and supply chain all together. The mass customizing companies are driven by observing individual customer request and by comparing them to what other customers have requested. Technologies are enabling companies to meet the demand of their customers throughRead MoreDeveloping Good Business Sense860 Words   |  4 PagesPhoenix BUS 210 Developing Good Business Sense June 29, 2008 The three companies I selected for this assignment are McDonalds, Bose Corporation and Motorola. From the reading I was able to determine the employee’s organizational structure within this company’s by which they complete their jobs. I will review and outline the main kinds of Operations and Materials Management (OMM) processes these companies use, and how it affects their operations. Also, I will discuss how companies design their operatingRead MoreBose Ride7767 Words   |  32 PagesIntroduction of Group Project Bose Corporation Founded in 1964 by Dr. Amar Bose, Bose Corporation is a company pioneering in perfecting the quality of sound heard through speakers. Through the years, Bose has become an industry leader by developing innovative products such as the Bookshelf Speaker, Wave Music System, and Bose Suspension System. In 2008, Dr. Amar Bose was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame for â€Å"significantly influenced influencing the quality of how we liveRead MoreResearch Paper on Procurement3305 Words   |  14 PagesAbstract Procurement plays an important role in the supply chain management and good procurement management can shorten the production cycle, improve the production efficiency, reduce inventory and strengthen the emergency ability to the market. Nowadays, procurement management has captured the attention of many high-level executives while it is always overlooked by many small-sized businesses. This research paper will show either similarities or differences or both with the purchase situationsRead MoreCase study Bharti Walmart2664 Words   |  11 Pagescould exercise strong bargaining power on suppliers to reduce the prices. 2. Competence in information systems. The success of Wal-Mart in 21st century is largely due to its competence in information systems and supply chain management. However Wal-Mart’s advantage in supply chain management was shattered when it entered India. 3. Varity of products. Wal-Mart could offer wider range of products than local competitors. It has also been proven that Indian consumer would embrace affordable products withRead MoreMarketing Strategy Of The E Commerce King1913 Words   |  8 PagesTarget Corporation is the second largest discount retailer in North America – one of the â€Å"Big 3† within the United States along with Wal-Mart and Kmart. The chain has roughly over 1800 locations across the country, employs 341,000 individuals and in 2015 drew in revenue totalling US$73.785 billion (A$97.380). Target’s store formats include its discount stores Target, and the hypermarket SuperTarget along with private label brands encompassing consumable goods, furniture and electronics. The brandRead MoreLiterature Review Supply Chain Management Essay5873 Words   |  24 Pagesï » ¿ Supply Chain Management: A Literature Review David Smith BUSI 610 Organizational Design and Structure Abstract Supply chain management is a practice that involves the planning, supervision, and implementation of strategies and controls to direct the movement of goods and services provided to customers. The intent of this essay is to incorporate a synopsis of existing literature and to provide the reader with a general understanding of how supply chain management correlates with

Life Span Development Free Essays

The life-span development of a person is an amazing issue to study. From the prenatal phase to death, the changes that occur in each stage are incredible. The various issues that are addressed in life-span development show the differences between nature versus nurture. We will write a custom essay sample on Life Span Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now These aspects play a major role in genetics, lifestyle and emotions. People continually develop physically, cognitively, socially and behaviorally through all stages of life. Working in the Behavioral health field the life-span development theories can help with specific behaviors of people and experiences. According to Santrock (2007) â€Å"personality can be better understood if it is examined developmentally. † Behavioral Health counselors must provide clients proper context and explanations. This can be achieved through the basic theories of cognitive, biological and socio-emotional development principles. Research in these areas has been done and evidence has been found that life requires stability and change (Myers, 2007). Stability enables us to depend on others and change motivates us. Children that are with La Paloma Family Services are offered stability and change. Many come from very unstable environments and are use to change in negative ways. So as Behavioral Health Professionals we are there to provide positive stability and change. The life-span development stages and the understanding of the environment that clients come from will provide Behavioral Health Practitioners the ability to counsel a client in an effective way. Chapter one of Santrock (2007) assessed various theorists and concentrated mainly on early childhood development. These principles help to give insight on an individuals behavior patterns from early on. Santrock (2007) made an interesting point about the environmental influence playing a major role in a person’s development. The chapter explains Piaget’s cognitive developmental theory relates to a person’s behavior and how one adapts to the environment around. The children that I work with are highly affected by the environment that they are in. Many come from broken and abusive homes. These environments are tough and chaotic, so in turn the kids only know how to react to things in certain ways. Once placed in group or foster homes these kids struggle with their current environmental issues. At La Paloma Family Services a client’s behavior is seen as an adaptive course that is motivated by a biological desire to obtain balance (La Paloma, 2008). Vygotsky’s cognitive theory emphasizes the impact of social and cultural environmental relationships. What goes on around us with peers and the culture we are in influences us. There are a variety of cultures that are put together in group and foster homes. The girls I work with come from various backgrounds, which affect how they interact with each other and with staff. It is imperative for the Behavioral Health industry to understand the life-span perspective. Erickson’s theory of development identifies the different stages of life. The stages go from prenatal to death, with each stage in an optimal period (Boeree, 1997). This is important to recognize as a counselor or Psychologist. When providing therapy to a preschooler it is different than with an adolescent. Erikson’s theory is apparent that one phase must lead to the next, as with Piaget and Kohlberg. Developmental inconsistencies can lead to tribulations later in life. Biological factors play a role in the development of individuals and are considered one of the oldest. The nature versus nurture can be controversial over the relative contributions of biology and experience (Myers, 2007). â€Å"Nurture works on what nature endows† (Myers, 2007). Humans are ‘endowed’ with a vast capacity to learn and adapt to our environments. Together our genes and our environment influence our individual behaviors. Psychology relates to many fields, ranging from the biological to the social and all influence our culture and environment. The various theories that are offered should be researched and understood by all that enter into the Behavioral Health field. The theories offered can be helpful guides, but relying on a single theory to explain development is probably a mistake (Santrock. 2007). Life-span development offers a comprehensive approach for therapists. Genetics and experience are interconnected. Basically we are all unique in our own ways, but how different are we really? From conception onward we are products of our interactions of our genetic predispositions and our surrounding environments. How to cite Life Span Development, Essays Life Span Development Free Essays The study of lifespan development grew out of Darwin’s desire to understand evolution. The first study of children was published by G. Stanley Hall. We will write a custom essay sample on Life Span Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now Hall’s book introduced norms and adolescence to scientists (Boyd Bee, 2006). Lifespan is the period of time from conception extending to death. This paper will define the development of humans throughout the lifespan and describe the characteristics of the lifespan perspective. Human development domains and periods will be identified and contemporary concerns as related to lifespan development will be identified. Lifespan Development Defined Lifespan development is a process beginning at conception that continues until death. The progression initiates with the emergence of a fetus from a one-celled organism. As the unborn child enters the world the environment in which the child exists begins to influence the child’s development (WGBH Educational Foundation, 2001). Lifespan development can be defined as a methodical, intra-individual change associated with progressions corresponding to age. The development progresses in a manner implicating the level of functioning. According to Levinson the life cycle consists of four 25 year eras. The main developmental periods are child and adolescence, early adulthood, middle adulthood and late adulthood. Each era’s transition involves a necessary change in the character of the individual’s life and sometimes takes up to six years to complete the change (Smith, 2009). The study of human development began with Darwin and other evolutionists. Darwin thought if he studied human development he could further prove his theory of evolution (Boyd Bee, 2006). Characteristics of the Lifespan Perspective The lifespan perspective argues that significant modifications take place throughout development. The lifelong perspective consists of a development of humans that is multidimensional, multidirectional, plastic, multidisciplinary, and contextual. The development involves growth, maintenance and regulation. Changes that occur should be interpreted in a manner that considers the culture and context of the occurrences. Through the perspective comprehensions of the modifications of adulthood have gained as much importance as those occurring in childhood; an understanding from other disciplines in turn have increased importance in human development. According to Paul Baltes, humans have the capacity of plasticity or positive change to environmental difficulties throughout life. Baltes additionally contributed to the understanding of the positive characteristics of growing old such as learning ways to compensate and overcome (Boyd Bee, 2006). Human Development Domains The domains of development are categories used by scientists. The categories include, physical, cognitive and social domains characterize human development. The physical domain is characterized by how humans grow and change physically, specifically during childhood and adolescence. This domain includes how humans view the world as development progresses as a result of developing vision. Adjustments in the way the world is viewed as the body develops are also included in this domain. The cognitive domain is concerned with how learning occurs and why memory deteriorates during old age. The social domain contains adjustment in variables within social situations such as personality research, social skills and developing relationships. All the domains operate together and are affected by each other (Boyd Bee, 2006). Human Development Periods Human development periods span the lifetime from conception to the end of life. These periods are as follows, prenatal, early, middle and late childhood. As the child grows and approaches adulthood the periods are adolescence, early, middle and late adulthood. Numerous theories about the periods of development and the movement from one period to the next exist. Various theories attempt to define how movement from one level to the next level of development occurs. The three major families include psychoanalytic, learning and cognitive theories (Boyd Bee, 2006). Contemporary Concerns in Lifespan Development Nature versus nurture is one of the many contemporary concerns in lifespan development. Additional concerns in the area of development include continuity and discontinuity. Nature and nurture concerns surround the basis of development. The issue lies in determining the weather genetics or environment influence development. The concern of continuity and discontinuity’s impact on development lies in relationship development. â€Å" The question is whether age-related change is primarily a matter of amount or degree (the continuity side of the debate) or more commonly involves changes in type or kind (the discontinuity side)† (Boyd Bee, 2006, p. ). Conclusion Development of the lifespan began with Darwin and continues to intrigue psychologists and scientists today. An understanding of how humans develop consists of the domains of physical, cognitive and social advances. The domains occur throughout prenatal, childhood and adult development. As the field expands the controversy of nature versus nurture and continuity and discontinuity continue to perplex those within the field. Freud advanced a theory of personality development that centered on the effects of the sexual pleasure drive on the individual psyche. At particular points in the developmental process, he claimed, a single body part is particularly sensitive to sexual, erotic stimulation. These erogenous zones are the mouth, the anus, and the genital region. The child’s libido centers on behavior affecting the primary erogenous zone of his age; he cannot focus on the primary erogenous zone of the next stage without resolving the developmental conflict of the immediate one. A child at a given stage of development has certain needs and demands, such as the need of the infant to nurse. Frustration occurs when these needs are not met; Overindulgence stems from such an ample meeting of these needs that the child is reluctant to progress beyond the stage. Both frustration and overindulgence lock some amount of the child’s libido permanently into the stage in which they occur; both result in a fixation. If a child progresses normally through the stages, resolving each conflict and moving on, then little libido remains invested in each stage of development. But if he fixates at a particular stage, the method of obtaining satisfaction which characterized the stage will dominate and affect his adult personality. The Oral Stage The oral stage begins at birth, when the oral cavity is the primary focus of libidal energy. The child, of course, preoccupies himself with nursing, with the pleasure of sucking and accepting things into the mouth. The oral character who is frustrated at this stage, whose mother refused to nurse him on demand or who truncated nursing sessions early, is characterized by pessimism, envy, suspicion and sarcasm. The overindulged oral character, whose nursing urges were always and often excessively satisfied, is optimistic, gullible, and is full of admiration for others around him. The stage culminates in the primary conflict of weaning, which both deprives the child of the sensory pleasures of nursing and of the psychological pleasure of being cared for, mothered, and held. The stage lasts approximately one and one-half years. The Anal Stage At one and one-half years, the child enters the anal stage. With the advent of toilet training comes the child’s obsession with the erogenous zone of the anus and with the retention or expulsion of the feces. This represents a classic conflict between the id, which derives pleasure from expulsion of bodily wastes, and the ego and superego, which represent the practical and societal pressures to control the bodily functions. The child meets the conflict between the parent’s demands and the child’s desires and physical capabilities in one of two ways: Either he puts up a fight or he simply refuses to go. The child who wants to fight takes pleasure in excreting maliciously, perhaps just before or just after being placed on the toilet. If the parents are too lenient and the child manages to derive pleasure and success from this expulsion, it will result in the formation of an anal expulsive character. This character is generally messy, disorganized, reckless, careless, and defiant. Conversely, a child may opt to retain feces, thereby spiting his parents while enjoying the pleasurable pressure of the built-up feces on his intestine. If this tactic succeeds and the child is overindulged, he will develop into an anal retentive character. This character is neat, precise, orderly, careful, stingy, withholding, obstinate, meticulous, and passive-aggressive. The resolution of the anal stage, proper toilet training, permanently affects the individual propensities to possession and attitudes towards authority. This stage lasts from one and one-half to two years. The Phallic Stage The phallic stage is the setting for the greatest, most crucial sexual conflict in Freud’s model of development. In this stage, the child’s erogenous zone is the genital region. As the child becomes more interested in his genitals, and in the genitals of others, conflict arises. The conflict, labeled the Oedipus complex (The Electra complex in women), involves the child’s unconscious desire to possess the opposite-sexed parent and to eliminate the same-sexed one. In the young male, the Oedipus conflict stems from his natural love for his mother, a love which becomes sexual as his libidal energy transfers from the anal region to his genitals. Unfortunately for the boy, his father stands in the way of this love. The boy therefore feels aggression and envy towards this rival, his father, and also feels fear that the father will strike back at him. As the boy has noticed that women, his mother in particular, have no penises, he is struck by a great fear that his father will remove his penis, too. The anxiety is aggravated by the threats and discipline he incurs when caught masturbating by his parents. This castration anxiety outstrips his desire for his mother, so he represses the desire. Moreover, although the boy sees that though he cannot posses his mother, because his father does, he can posses her vicariously by identifying with his father and becoming as much like him as possible: this identification indoctrinates the boy into his appropriate sexual role in life. A lasting trace of the Oedipal conflict is the superego, the voice of the father within the boy. By thus resolving his incestuous conundrum, the boy passes into the latency period, a period of libidal dormancy. On the Electra complex, Freud was more vague. The complex has its roots in the little girl’s discovery that she, along with her mother and all other women, lack the penis which her father and other men posses. Her love for her father then becomes both erotic and envious, as she yearns for a penis of her own. She comes to blame her mother for her perceived castration, and is struck by penis envy, the apparent counterpart to the boy’s castration anxiety. The resolution of the Electra complex is far less clear-cut than the resolution of the Oedipus complex is in males; Freud stated that the resolution comes much later and is never truly complete. Just as the boy learned his sexual role by identifying with his father, so the girl learns her role by identifying with her mother in an attempt to posses her father vicariously. At the eventual resolution of the conflict, the girl passes into the latency period, though Freud implies that she always remains slightly fixated at the phallic stage. Fixation at the phallic stage develops a phallic character, who is reckless, resolute, self-assured, and narcissistic–excessively vain and proud. The failure to resolve the conflict can also cause a person to be afraid or incapable of close love; Freud also postulated that fixation could be a root cause of homosexuality. Latency Period The resolution of the phallic stage leads to the latency period, which is not a psychosexual stage of development, but a period in which the sexual drive lies dormant. Freud saw latency as a period of unparalleled repression of sexual desires and erogenous impulses. During the latency period, children pour this repressed libidal energy into asexual pursuits such as school, athletics, and same-sex friendships. But soon puberty strikes, and the genitals once again become a central focus of libidal energy. The Genital Stage In the genital stage, as the child’s energy once again focuses on his genitals, interest turns to heterosexual relationships. The less energy the child has left invested in unresolved psychosexual developments, the greater his capacity will be to develop normal relationships with the opposite sex. If, however, he remains fixated, particularly on the phallic stage, his development will be troubled as he struggles with further repression and defenses. How to cite Life Span Development, Essay examples

Accounting Software Package of BHP Billiton-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the accounting software package of your Chosen Company. Answer: Introduction The following assignment is the study of the accounting software package and the chosen company for the assignment is the BHP Billiton. BHP stands for Broken Hill Proprietary an Australian company. This assignment studies the organizational structure of the chosen company and related operational .The assignment further discusses about the system acquisition method of the company operation. The assignment further discusses the sale flow chart of the company and a possible fraud which is possible in the company In the second it focuses upon the accounting software package used by the BHP Billiton and its market size. The assignment analyses the leaders in the market and finally determines the gaps and challenges which can be encountered using the accounting software and make some recommendation how software should be with the respect to described difficulties Discussion BHP stands for BHP stands for Broken Hill Proprietary which is an Australian company. Its headquarters is in Melbourne, Australia. It deals in multinational mining activities. Founded in the year 1885 it was considered as the largest mining company in the year 2015 among the all mining companies in the world(Romney and Steinbart 2012).. It is the fourth largest company in the Australia. According to the financial report of the 2016 the BHP company has earner the revenue over thirty billion dollars and the profit earned by the company was over six billion. It is the listed in the stock market under the name with BLT with its share value over 1351 GBX(Lodhia and Martin 2014). The company operates in over 25 countries employing over forty thousand people. It main production is copper, petroleum, coal and iron ore. Organizational structure of the company The organization structure of the company implies that the whole organization is controlled and managed by the board member of the company (de Villiers and Alexander 2014). They are controlling the risk and audit committee, sustainability committee, nominal committee and the remuneration committee. The board members are also controlling the chief executive officer of the company and the CEO is responsible to present all the accountability of the company. Figure 1: Organizational structure of the BHP (Source: de Villiers and Alexander 2014, pp-198) Operational problems with the organizational structure BHP Billiton is the fourth largest company in Australia therefore to manage such a huge organization and devise an organization structure which can maximize the profit for the company. Here are the few challenges that the company face in its operation. The organizational structure The organizational structure as discussed above shows that the CEO of the company is entangled to the board member and his only role is to present the financial report to the company(Grant et al 2014). If the CEO wants to make changes in the production he has to persuade all the board members for his decision. If the board member fined these challenges risky then they will reject the plan (Ghaffour, Missimer and Amy 2013). Thus the organizational structure prevents the CEO to bring any innovative changes. The resources availability Resources availability is the major concern for all industry and to utilize them properly is the great challenge for them. The major resource required for BHP Billiton in the mining field is the water. The company operates over 25 countries and may face water shortage in that area. Therefore to design an effective model plan for management of the major resources like water is the prime motive of the company. The better drainage of the acid mine knows as the AMD is other concern of the company. The innovation in the business The organizational structure of the company offers minimum innovation in its business as the CEO of the company is bounded by the Board members decision(WANG and FAN 2012). Timely innovation in the business is the crucial to adapt to the changing demand of the customers The fluctuation of the price in the international market The price of the product fluctuates acceding to the changes in the international market which can be positive or negative(Floris, Grant and Cutcher 2013). The negative impact on the market hampers the desired target of the company. The change in the market is not going to be stable therefore to work in that environment and produce the desired profit from it is the huge challenge for the company. System Acquisition method The system acquisition method is the method through which business can effectively manage its operation. BHP Billiton is the multinational mining company thus the prefer System Acquisition method for this company is the commercial software. According to the news channel IT News the company has bought a software which is cloud based, the name of the software is Loc8 developed the firm in Melbourne which is entrusted with the work to manage the business operation of the company(YANG, YANG and DENG 2012). The ERP of the BHP named as 1SAP. System flowchart of the sales procedures for the BHP Billiton Figure 2: The production of the metal worldwide of the BHP Billiton Company. (Source: de Villiers and Alexander 2014 pp-212) Sales are very crucial for the company as through this they will earn the revenue. To have efficient sales flowchart is great challenge for any company, a good sale flowchart will increase the sale of the company(Andzulis, Panagopoulos and Rapp 2012). The above diagram shows the production of the metal worldwide of the BHP Billiton Company. Below is the sales flowchart of the company. Figure 3: The sales process model (Source: Teittinen, Pellinen and Jrvenp 2013, pp-298) The sales flowchart shows that the firstly the company will send the quotation which will contain the entire product and its current price. At the second phase if the customer is satisfied with terms and condition of the contract and like the price and agrees to buy the product then he will sign the contract or else the deal will be terminated (Hatley and Pirbhai 2013). After the contract is signed the company will check for the stock if the stock is enough after receiving the payment the product will be shipped. If the stock is enough then it will arrange the product and ship the product. Problems in the system and the sorts of fraud are possible in this system Operating and managing a huge company is a challenging task. With numerous operations running simultaneously (Hipgrave 2013). It is evident that some problem is going to arise in managing the operation. Firstly the company is using the cloud based software to store its data and managing it, so these are data vulnerable to the cyber attack or cybercrime if there is not a strong firewall to protect the data (Lei and Ghorbani 2012). Therefore the company has to regularly update its firewall to protect from the data theft. Secondly the company is operating its supply chain at the global level thus the data of the company are not secure and easily be hacked. The hackers mainly target these companies as they work with the government so their data are very confidential and valuable which can cost huge loss to the company and country. The possible fraud in the company can be in terms of its product as the coal and other metals are very valuable and have a huge demand in the market (Mirzoev and Lyubartsev 2013). Thus the employees of the company can sell the products to the private buyers at lower price by bribing the employee. Thus it can be huge loss to the company. Accounting Software packages The accounting software package is the type of the software which is designed to manage the accounting operation of a company like finance of the company, transaction, inventory. The accounting software can be used either for the persona use or for the business purpose. The accounting software used by the company BHP Billiton is XBRL. The full form of XBRL is extensible Business Reporting Language (Simkin ,Norman and Rose 2014). The software has been designed to work with an excel software that has helped in delivering the accounts transaction to the client easily (Romney and Steinbart 2012). The software can be used with the basic Microsoft office version. Market size The BHP Billiton has been considered as the largest mining company in the year 2015. . The company operates in over 25 countries employing over forty thousand people. The current revenue of the coma pay is over 31 billion dollars with the profit over six billion in the year 2016 (Trby and Paulus 2012). Below diagram shows the market growth of the company. Figure 3:The market capitalization of the BHP till August 2017 (Source: Hipgrave 2013, pp-7) The market capitalization of the company has crossed over 108 billion dollars in the year 2016. Leader in the market In the year 2017 at the quarter 1the top mining company in the international market is occupied by the BHP Billiton having revenues over 200 billion dollars from the industrial and mining activity in the year 2017 The company is regarded as the largest producer of the Copper metal. The second place is taken by Rio Toronto with its revenue over 68 billion dollars. Figure 4: The position of BHP Billiton in the year 2017 (Source: Trby and Paulus 2012, pp-56) The above figure shows the position of BHP Billiton in the year 2017. Gaps and challenges for the software: There are various advantages of using accounting software but there are still some issue faced by the software. Followingare: As the accounting software stores data online it needs to have a strong firewall to protect its data from cybercrime. The software may not be compatible with the software used in the company(Teittinen, Pellinen and Jrvenp 2013). The accounting software is not user friendly as it has complex functions which are difficult to operate. Thus analyzing all the difficulties the company needs to design the software which is compatible, have strong firewall and easy to use by the user. Conclusion From the report it can be concluded that the according to the financial reports the company BHP Billiton has been calculated as the fourth largest company in the Australia and one of the largest mining company in the year 2017 in the world. The organizational structure of company is analyzed timely and to develop an effective organization structure which has enabled to be on the top in the mining market. The accounting software has huge applications in the industry to maintain the accounts transaction but it has shown certain disadvantages. The company needs to analyze these issues to remain at the top of the market References Andzulis, J.M., Panagopoulos, N.G. and Rapp, A., 2012. A review of social media and implications for the sales process.Journal of Personal Selling Sales Management,32(3), pp.305-316. de Villiers, C. and Alexander, D., 2014. The institutionalisation of corporate social responsibility reporting.The British Accounting Review,46(2), pp.198-212. Floris, M., Grant, D. and Cutcher, L., 2013. Mining the discourse: Strategizing during BHP Billiton's attempted acquisition of Rio Tinto.Journal of Management Studies,50(7), pp.1185-1215. Ghaffour, N., Missimer, T.M. and Amy, G.L., 2013. Technical review and evaluation of the economics of water desalination: current and future challenges for better water supply sustainability.Desalination,309, pp.197-207. Grant, R., Butler, B., Orr, S. and Murray, P.A., 2014.Contemporary strategic management: An Australasian perspective. John Wiley Sons Australia, Ltd.. Hatley, D. and Pirbhai, I., 2013.Strategies for real-time system specification. Addison-Wesley. Hipgrave, S., 2013. Smarter fraud investigations with big data analytics.Network Security,2013(12), pp.7-9. Lei, J.Z. and Ghorbani, A.A., 2012. Improved competitive learning neural networks for network intrusion and fraud detection.Neurocomputing,75(1), pp.135-145. Lodhia, S. and Martin, N., 2014. Corporate sustainability indicators: an Australian mining case study.Journal of cleaner production,84, pp.107-115. Mirzoev, A. and Lyubartsev, A.P., 2013. MagiC: software package for multiscale modeling.Journal of chemical theory and computation,9(3), pp.1512-1520. Romney, M.B. and Steinbart, P.J., 2012.Accounting information systems. Boston: Pearson. Simkin, M.G., Norman, C.S. and Rose, J.M., 2014.Core concepts of accounting information systems. John Wiley Sons. Teittinen, H., Pellinen, J. and Jrvenp, M., 2013. ERP in actionChallenges and benefits for management control in SME context.International Journal of Accounting Information Systems,14(4), pp.278-296. Trby, J. and Paulus, M., 2012. Market structure scenarios in international steam coal trade.The Energy Journal,33(3), p.91. WANG, P. and FAN, Y.X., 2012. Designing and constructing a model for the" cone-shape" enterprise safety management departments.Journal of Safety and Environment,1, p.049. YANG, J., YANG, Y. and DENG, P., 2012. Organization structure evaluation system research of the state-owned many kinds of small batch manufacturing enterprise

Drawing The Colorline Essay Example

Drawing The Colorline Essay Drawing the Color line by Howard Zinn gives light to some of the horrible truths of slavery, racism and early American History.The chapter from A Peoples history of the United States goes into detail on the slave trade, conditions of 17th century America, how and why slavery happened, and the many conflicts slavery brought about. Zinnfirst tells us how American was prone to getting into slavery because of the condition in the early 17th century.People were starving, and the settlers couldnt do enough work to feed even themselves.Zinn tells us that some were so starved in the winter that they dug up graves to eat the corpses(24).Also, many of the settlers werent used to working and didnt even know how.They didnt want to work, yet they wanted to eat and make money off of their new discovery of tobacco planting.They couldnt force Indians because the Indians were tough, resourceful, and at home in these woods (25).So, the early settlers got into the African slave trade.Zinn suggests tha t the colonists may have been so enraged that the Native Americans could so easily survive, even with little technology, that it made the colonist want to do anything just to keep up with them. Zinn explains that blacks were not the easiest of peoples to capture into slavery because they were 100 million strong, and the only thing that set them apart from whites was their lack of guns.Often times Africans were capturing other Africans for profit.They sometimes marched in shackles for 1,000 miles, 2 in 5 dieing, to be put in cages when they reached the coast.Choking in the stench of their own excrement(28) the slaves were shipped across the Atlantic, 1 in 3 dieing on the journey over, some jumping overboard to their death to escape further suffering. Although there were indentured white servant

Definition and Examples of Decorum in Rhetoric

Definition and Examples of Decorum in Rhetoric In classical rhetoric, decorum is the use of a style that is appropriate to a subject, situation, speaker, and audience. According to Ciceros discussion of decorum in De Oratore (see below), the grand and important theme should be treated in a dignified and noble style, the humble or trivial theme in a less exalted manner. Examples and Observations Decorum is not simply found everywhere; it is the quality whereby speech and thought, wisdom and performance, art and morality, assertion and deference, and many other elements of action intersect. The concept underwrites Ciceros alignment of the plain, middle, and elevated oratorical styles with the three main functions of informing, pleasing, and motivating an audience, which in turn extends rhetorical theory across a wide range of human affairs.  (Robert Hariman, Decorum. Encyclopedia of Rhetoric. Oxford University Press, 2001) Aristotle on Aptness of Language Your language will be appropriate if it expresses emotion and character, and if it corresponds to its subject. Correspondence to subject means that we must neither speak casually about weighty matters, nor solemnly about trivial ones; nor must we add ornamental epithets to commonplace nouns, or the effect will be comic... To express emotion, you will employ the language of anger in speaking of outrage; the language of disgust and discreet reluctance to utter a word when speaking of impiety or foulness; the language of exultation for a tale of glory, and that of humiliation for a tale of pity and so on in all other cases.This aptness of language is one thing that makes people believe in the truth of your story: their minds draw the false conclusion that you are to be trusted from the fact that others behave as you do when things are as you describe them; and therefore they take your story to be true, whether it is so or not.(Aristotle, Rhetoric) Cicero on Decorum For the same style and the same thoughts must not be used in portraying every condition in life, or every rank, position, or age, and in fact a similar distinction must be made in respect to place, time, and audience. The universal rule, in oratory as in life, is to consider propriety. This depends on the subject under discussion and the character of both the speaker and the audience...This, indeed, is the form of wisdom that the orator must especially employto adapt himself to occasions and persons. In my opinion, one must not speak in the same style at all times, nor before all people, nor against all opponents, not in defence of all clients, not in partnership with all advocates. He, therefore, will be eloquent who can adapt his speech to fit all conceivable circumstances.(Cicero, De Oratore) Augustinian Decorum In opposition to Cicero, whose ideal was to discuss commonplace matters simply, lofty subjects impressively, and topics ranging between in a tempered style, Saint Augustine defends the manner of the Christian gospels, which sometimes treat the smallest or most trivial matters in an urgent, demanding high style. Erich Auerbach [in Mimesis, 1946] sees in Augustines emphasis the invention of a new kind of decorum opposed to that of the classical theorists, one oriented by its lofty rhetorical purpose rather than its low or common subject matter. It is only the aim of the Christian speakerto teach, admonish, lamentthat can tell him what sort of style to employ. According to Auerbach, this admission of the most humble aspects of daily life into the precincts of Christian moral instruction has a momentous effect on literary style, generating what we now call realism.  (David Mikics, A New Handbook of Literary Terms. Yale University Press, 2007) Decorum in Elizabethan Prose From Quintilian and his English exponents (plus, it must not be forgotten, their inheritance of normal speech patterns) the Elizabethans at the end of the [16th] century learned one of their major prose styles. [Thomas] Wilson had preached the Renaissance doctrine of ​decorum: the prose must fit the subject and the level at which it is written. Words and sentence pattern must be apt and agreeable. These may vary from the condensed native maxim like Enough is as good as a feast (he recommends Heywoods proverbs which had recently appeared in print) to the elaborate or exonerated sentences adorned with all the colours of rhetoric. Exoneration opened the wayand Wilson provided full examplesfor new sentence structures with egall members (the balanced antithetical sentence), gradation and progression (the paratactic cumulation of short main clauses leading to a climax), contrarietie (antithesis of opposites, as in To his friend he is churlish, to his foe he is gentle), the series of sentences with like endings or with repetition (like opening words), plus the verbal metaphors, the longer similitudes, and the whole gallery of tropes, schemes, and figures of speech of the last few decades of the 16th century.  (Ian A. Gordon, The Movement of English Prose. Indiana University Press, 1966)

Article Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Article Summary - Essay Example The results of the study showed some correlation between active learning and the student departure process. One encouraging sign was that social integration plays an important role in active learning, and thus the two should be linked. Last week a new president was chosen for the University of Tennessee after much deliberation. The controversy revolved around the final interviews being made available on the Internet. Some people view this open process as unnecessary and in fact harmful to the reputation of the university. The authors of this article investigated numerous states’ sunshine laws, where information must be made public in state sponsored institutions. What was discovered was that there is much confusion around how these laws should be applied and in what circumstances. The recommendation given was that a common ground should be found that permits some information to be made public yet allows privacy on certain occasions. Also, the timing of the release of sensitive information should be done in a slow manner. Thirdly, there must be some closed door meetings that do not require information to be disseminated. Trustees should be informed of important decisions before the information is made availa ble to the public. Sunshine will continue to thrive, but the way in which they are used must be looked

Monopoly Is against Public Interest Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Monopoly Is against Public Interest - Essay Example The rigid requirements of pure monopoly make it rare in the real world. It has a number of unfavorable features due to which whenever the government sees that monopolization may occur, they intervene to prevent it or to limit monopolist’s pricing decision. Following is the comparison of different forms of market ATTRIBUTES OF DIFFERENT FORMS OF MARKET Market Form Number of Firms in the Market Frequency in Reality Entry Barriers Public Interest Results Long Run Profit Equilibrium condition Perfect Competition Very many Rare (if any) None Good Zero MC = MR = AC = AR = P Pure Monopoly One Rare Likely to be High Outputs not optimal May be high MC = MR Monopolistic Competition Many Widespread Minor Inefficient Zero MC = MR AC= AR Oligopoly Few Produces large share of GDP Varies Varies Varies Varies Source: Baumol William J., Blinder Alan S., 2007. Microeconomics: Principles and Policy, 10th ed., OH: Cengage Learning. In this table, the attributes of pure monopoly appear to be again st public interest in comparison to other forms of market hence this idea will be discussed in further detail. Monopoly and Public Interest The reason of monopoly of a particular firm might be legal protection such as copyrights, patent or license. There could be higher barriers of entry or distinguished factors of production that are possessed by a particular firm only or economies of scale; higher volume of production make firms more efficient through cost advantage. In such cases, we may say that the firm has a natural monopoly (Braun 2003). Once a firm becomes big enough in comparison to the size of the market of the product, its cost advantage may drive other firms out of competition. In this way, it is the size of the firm relative to the total market demand for the product that creates monopoly of a particular firm. For example, a bank or a petrol pump or gas station located in a rural area may be natural monopolies due to its presence in a location where there is no competit ion (Eisenach, Lenard, Progress & Freedom Foundation (U.S.) 1999). Whether it is pure monopoly or natural monopoly the question arises, what might be the public interest? Theoretically, consumers want to get maximum benefit from their money or want to pay relatively the lowest price to get relatively highest benefit. Consumers also seek higher quality of products and consumption. They also look for a range products and manufacturers. Consumers may fail to rule the market as in monopoly they have only little or no alternatives available. Conventionally, monopoly is considered as a harmful market structure that brings unfavorable consequences to consumers and the economy at large. Competition is always encouraged in the market. The monopoly power of firms threatens the public interest. Monopolistic power is defined as the ability of a firm to earn higher profit by elevating and keeping the price of their products considerably above the levels at which those products would be offered i n competitive market. Firm with monopolistic power always enjoys market dominance irrespective of the fact that they are pricing their products really high as they have no competitors to grab their share of market. The reason that goes against public interest in monopoly is always the higher level

HUMAN SERVICES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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Operational Management Analysis | British Airways

Operational Management Analysis | British Airways British Airways and British Airport Authority managing Heathrow Airport at London, which has four terminals , terminal1, terminal2,terminal3, and terminal 4 built a new terminal 5 in 260 hectare land, with sophisticated and advanced infrastructure designed to handle thirty-five million passengers per year which costed  £4.3 billion with 19 years of hard work involving totally 60,000 individuals. the construction finished its last phase in march 2008 after the 68 trails by 15000 volunteers the terminal 5 was ready for business on march 2008. Her majesty The Queen opened the terminal 5 on March 14th 2008, and was ready for business for passengers on 27th march 2008. But instead of grand opening the terminal 5 opening went as a disaster, resulting in cancellations of about 38 flights, and misplaced luggage, operational and technical problems. Why this happened? Why the opening day became a disaster? Why it has become as a night mare to passengers? The following data deals with what actually happened on the opening day and why British airways failed on the day of opening. MANAGING OPERATIONS: British airways Heathrow airport INTRODUCTION: British airways British Airways plc or BA is the UKs largest international airline in the world, based at Heathrow airport in London and serves about 95 million passengers a year using 441 airports in 86 countries using more than 1000 planes through its own operations and its alliance partners like TAT European airlines in France, Qantas in Australia, and USAir in United states. In last financial year to march 31, 2008 it carried about 33 million passenger worldwide and 805,000 tonnes of cargo, (www.bashares.com) and is considered as one of the worlds longest established airlines. Heathrow and Gatwick airports are the two main operating bases of British airways. It earned  £9 billion in revenue in the year 2008/2009; passenger traffic accounted for 87.1 percent and 7.5 percent came from cargo and 5.4 percent from other activities. Heathrow airport which is owned by BAA is 15 miles from central London and is the worlds busiest international travel hub and now operates terminals 1,2,3,4 and terminal 5. When we go back in to little history of this airport it was started officially in 1946 as an army surplus. In 1951 plan was developed to build terminals. In 1955 Heathrow terminal 2 was ready for business a d considered as Heathrows first rear terminal. In 1960 construction of terminal 2 took place and was expanded in 1970 and in 1969 terminal 1 was officially opened by queen, in 1976 Heathrow became supersonic being services operated by British airways and air France . In 1986 terminal 4 was opened by prince and princess of Wales which was worth of  £200 million. About  £1milloin a day was spent in developing infrastructure of Heathrow. On 20th November 2001 the government gave approval to build a 5th terminal (t5) after a longest public enquiry in British planning history. The company aimed to move all its operations to terminal 5. Over the past few years terminal 5 is the largest building project in Europe costing  £4.3 billion to BAA. It was a big challenge to construct such a immense size building. it has a capacity to serve around 30 million passengers per year. The main terminal building has 1,100 piles. There are 5 tunnels serving terminal 5 with a length of 14km. The building has 96 checks in kiosks, a high glass cascade of 40 metre, and the terminal 5 lounge has a space for 2,500 passengers, and has 4,000 car parking spaces. This terminal will be used only by British airways .it took six years to finish the project, within time and within the budget. INTRODUCTION TO THE PROBLEM: British airways opened the terminal 5 for business on 27 march 2008, by her majesty the Queen describing it as a 21st century gateway to Britain. The opening ceremony was attended by hundreds of airport authorities and workers. The BAA and airline British airways who built the terminal for many years forecasted that new facility would give a fresh start for Heathrow and millions of premium passengers. But the Heathrows new  £4.3billion terminal 5 suffered a disastrous opening resulting cancellation of flights, long queues and delays in luggage system. British airways was forced to cancel 34 domestic flights, one problem was followed by other problem on the day. There was a problem to the staff in finding the car park. Then a technical problem has arisen which resulted in some flights departing without luggage on aboard. The first flight of the day coming from Hong Kong arrived eight minutes early and passengers off the building got their luggage quickly. But very soon the baggage reclaim system failed leading the passengers to wait more than two hours to collect their baggage. By lunch time due to continuous problems the British airways cancelled 20 flights in the beginning and later to 34 flights. One of the terminal 5s departure lounge the luggage belt failed. The road signs were not clear outside the terminal. A delay occurred in security screening of staff. The computers did not recognise the baggage handlers IDs and the handling system failed to log on because of these three flights took off without luggage. Live examples: taken from media resources Sir George martin a famous producer of the work Beatles was one among them said he was first impressed to see terminal5 but it led him to wait many hours and the flight has been cancelled. Mr Matt Duffy who was coming from Glasgow to terminal 5 was struck in the flight for more than one hour. Mr kerb a wheel chair user couldnt get in to the building without getting up a step, and he added its totally unbelievable. These are few examples of the chaos caused by British airways in terminal 5 on its opening day. Relationship with operational management: On the operational side there are many errors like little system testing, mechanical failures, technical errors. On the management side there was poor communication, a refusal to listen to the experts and staff, arrogance, complacency, poor training of staff with the new systems. What went wrong on the day: Logistics and planning: On the opening day staff arrived to work couldnt find the car parking, the signs to car parking was unclear, it took long time for the staff to park their car, because of this reason staff arrived very late to work, staff were almost two hours late to work. Even when the staff entered the terminal 5 building there were no clear signs to navigate within the building , union representatives told the workers didint understand where to go,some of the staff couldnt enter through security gates. Because of the communication problem staff couldnt navigate within the building , they were given no telephone numbers to contact. The luggage handlers couldnt get in to the terminal because of improper training and less knowledge on the building. They were just shown the whole building which cant be remembered because of its massive size and therefore arrived late to work. Technical and human errors: The computer system in the terminal didnt recognise the staff IDs, so that staff couldnt log in to the systems. This resulted in making only two desks working instead of 28 desks present. Even when the staff logged the systems displayed error messages showing access denied to logon to do their actual work. About 17 terminal lifts jammed and failed, because of this passengers faced difficulty in getting in to the stairs of difficulty and disabled customers could not enter in to the building. The transit system broke down hence failed to move passengers from main terminal to satellite terminal, which led to cancellations of flights. Doors which should be kept open were locked so that staff and passengers couldnt be able to navigate in to the building. The electronic screens, walkways, escalators, and carousels were failed. Due to technical errors they failed to work and staff couldnt log in to systems and there was no information displayed on the screens. The baggage handling system failed to work after first flight arrived resulted in baggage misplace. Staff due to lack of training overloaded the belt and it stopped working, because of this reason some flights even left without any luggage. Low morale and good will: from the sources it is come to know that most of the staff didnt turn up for training. Because of this reason the baggage handlers and ground staff were unhelpful when the problem occurred. There was not enough staff working on the day to volunteer. BA didnt recruit an extra staff and just asked the present staff to help on their day offs and without paying them. Lack of communication and crisis management: there was no proper communication from the BA to passengers this led most of passengers feel frustrated. There were no announcements and no information was seen on monitors and websites. On the very first day by 5:30am about 200 passengers were queued up for information about cancellations. There were about 26 operational desks on that day but only 2desks were seen working. Results: As a result within in five days about 250 flights have been cancelled and still there is a backlog of 15000 bags, the bags were sent to USA and Paris to identify the original owners of the baggage. It disrupted the travel plans of thousands of passengers and British airways were unable to find any hotel rooms to passengers.Even though the hotel rooms were found they gave compensation of only  £100 where the hotel rooms costs  £200, an extra burden to passengers. About tens of thousands of customers vowed they will never use the airline again, as they faced many difficulties like standing in queues for about two hours for information, the luggage has been misplaced, and no help was available. The opening of terminal 5 is considered as a most embarrassment for British Airways and British Airport Authority. Because of this chaos the shares of British Airways felt down by 3% which accounts for about  £9million of the income and lost its reputation. Discussion of relevant operational theory: Any success of organisation depends up on people and their perception of success or failure, and staff willingness to anticipate to the vision of organisation as defined by management. In the same way the failure of an organisation depends up on poor integration of different parts of change for example the implementation is poorly executed even though the build and develop phase goes well. High complex technology infrastructure becomes inaccessible to those who use it regularly. And the management has to recognise that the success criteria should be broader than bottom line considerations: The business driver is not only the share holder value but the staff working and customer satisfaction. Organisations should be socially beneficial behaviour and mission and vision should include social responsibility and sustainability as their parts. The management has to focus on the state of art infrastructure that is introduced in the large projects. Now a days the managers are more focused on multi disciplinary projects to re engineer business which provides competitive advantage. Rather than spending more time on traditional line management responsibilities the managers are spending time on project work. New projects tend to be exciting in first few years of the project life cycle. But some important project personals often show interest on the finishing stages of project. the operational management should be the key driving force of the project from the beginning, but go live phase of the project is in danger as it didnt receive attention. The terminal5 in a successful project delivered on time and in the budget allocated .the architectural design won awards. It is believed that customers will get great service and satisfaction from terminal 5 when compared to terminal4 and 3. Here the operations management followed properly go live phase in project life cycle as a planned construction programme for six years, it included 400,000 hours of man power and software engineering to built conveyors for 17 kms., 66 trails has been made by 15,000 volunteers, staff were given a training and support of six months, before opening the terminal the baggage system was fully loaded and tested for about twenty times. Even though all these attempts were made the opening of terminal5 went as a disaster to customers and public. Sources taken from media showed that there were long queues in terminals, about 15000 baggage went missing, about 500 flights has bee cancelled in fist two weeks of its opening. There was big problem in sorting out the luggage to its actual owners , this luggage was sent to USA and Milan for sorting out. Even the insurance company didnt compensate the lost luggage saying this is a known risk. The management in companies should be fully aware of the prominence of the operational planning. And should be well prepared for go live phase of the project. In Heathrow terminal 5 the transport select committee was advised by chief executive officer of British airways that the building programme was not finished completely and this made to compromised the testing many time before opening. It was not that about 28 lifts are not working on the opening day, and there were discussions whether to delay the opening schedule of terminal 5, but it was neglected as the officials thought the potential risk will be low. Later the Chief Executive Officer admitted it was their fault to compromise on testing before opening. Application of TQM: According to Joel E. Ross and Susan Perry (1999) was cited in his book about the TQM is total quality management is the set of management processes and systems that create delighted customers through empowered employees leading to higher revenue and lower cost The main principals are customer satisfaction, employee involvement, and continuous improvement in performance. Customer satisfaction: the customer satisfaction factor has been lost on the opening day of terminal 5, where customers have to wait in long queues, loss of baggage, flights cancellations, and British Airways couldnt find the hotel rooms to customers. Employee involvement: employee involvement plays a crucial role in success of any organisation. On the day of terminal5 opening, staff arrived about two hours late to work and the baggage handlers were unable to through the building as there were no clear signs. Even the staff working on the ground didnt help them in any way. There were no announcements about the cancellations. Staff felt they were not responsible for the chaos going on. There was no one to volunteer the situation. Continuous improvement in performance: the testing has been compromised by the British Airport Authorities. Staffs were not trained properly, only six months of training was given. There was no improvement in the training statistics. The luggage handling systems were checked about twenty times before opening but on the day of opening it failed to work. Critical approach: Terminal 5 is a complex building with advanced infrastructure which was built with a goal of improving customer experience and to prove Heathrow airport as world class airport. To achieve this a smooth opening was required but unfortunately the opening was disaster and terminal 5 stood in all headlines of media and was a hot topic in the whole world. The problem was caused by combination operational and technical failures. But there are some issues regarding risk management whether they performed rehearsals or not, of so why they couldnt identify the problems before opening day. They would have hired some extra staff for the beginning days of the terminal. They would have tested it several times before opening it. If they would have tested they would have found all possible failures and would have rectified it before opening. If they would have done so we would have seen a good risk management system in operational management. According to media sources the airport staff was unable t o give answers to difficult questions. When the issue raised the British airways would have focussed a heavy spokesman so that the customer and the whole world have felt the British airways took the issue seriously. British airways would have given free food and hotel rooms when the issue happened so that they would have managed the long-term damage of company with minor compensation. Teething problems may be difficult to avoid for any major projects, but one of the oldest rule in business is anything can go wrong, will go wrong and the second oldest rule is the judgement is passed on recovery but not the mistake, and the third rule is when something goes wrong in an organisation the best thing is to admit it. In terminal5 there was no one with strong leadership skills, people with knowledge, and authority to sort it out ad it didnt go according to the script. It is not excusable for staff for not being able to find car parking and not for being able to get through security, and not for being able to login in to the systems to start their work, they would have gone a series of complete training, testing and rehearsals there is no excuse for the BA and BAA for saying the baggage system failed to work as they tested it only with few bags and assumed that it would work properly with 40,000 baggage, and tested escalators when it was empty but not when it is loaded. CHANGES TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OR CUSTOMER SERVICE: The construction of Heathrow terminal 5 was very successful project as it was finished on time and in the budget given. But on the opening day it encountered technical problems and operational problems it would have been prevented it BA and BAA would have been followed some simple steps: There should have been clear signs outside the terminal 5 for car parking, as it is known from the problem that staff couldnt find the space for car parking they were about two hours late to work, so if correct signs and signals were given the staff would have arrived to work on time. There should be clear signs in the building, as the terminal5 is massive in its size with advanced infrastructure, they should have been provided with clear signs to navigate within the building, as we came to know from the problem that staff and luggage handlers couldnt find their designated places, they couldnt navigate within the building. The staff would have been trained several times before the opening day. Because on the opening day staff were unclear about using the new resource management system. When the disaster took place staff looked unhelpful, as they didnt understand what was really happening, they couldnt even answer to the customer standing in queues about the faults occurred. The management would have asked staff to arrive a bit early to work to encounter potential delays in entering in to the building which they never entered before. British Airport Authority and British Airways would have recruited some additional staff to volunteer the work on the opening day. The baggage handlers were not given enough training to handle the new unfamiliar highly sophisticated luggage handling system, they would have given some extra training . That new baggage system looked to have no backup system to recover when technical defaults occurs. And the staff keep on loading it even though it stopped working which resulted in sever delays in reclaiming back the luggage. It was seen there were no announcements made and system stopped working, and the system couldnt recognise staff ids. This is lack of testing done before opening. BA and BAA agreed it compromised on testing phase, if it would have been done several times before opening they would have avoided this disaster. WHAT BA AND BAA DONE TO IMPROVE: At London Heathrow terminal 5 after a one year of its opening day everything looks to be flowing smoothly, with more than 90 percent of flights departing and arriving punctually. And more than 16 million customers have now used the terminal 5 facilities properly. New high tech equipment has been installed in security gates which make customers to pass through them quickly and pleasantly. This reduced the waiting time near the security gates. A new system has been developed where passengers do not have to unpack their laptops as trays are available automatically and passengers dont have to take shoes and belt as the security scanning system is very sophisticated. The distance to the passenger gate is reduced to five minutes by walk and 45 seconds using unmanned shuttle. This reduced the time lapse between the entry and passenger gates. The baggage performance was increased significally, the baggage is arriving the carousal before the passenger arrives saving time of passengers for reclaiming baggage. And when there is a connecting flight between destinations the luggage transfer will be done automatically, and luggage arrive quickly than passenger comes out. BA has now more than 90 percent of flights arriving and departure on time. Hence keeping the chaos in mind the BA and BAA is following punctuality in departure and arriving times of the flight. Staffs has given more training and daily regular meetings to make them familiar with the infrastructure. So that the BA and BAA want to give its customers the best service. The building is designed in a way that BAA works closely and naturally with BA making them to interact and meet more often in contingency mode. So the two managements are under one roof now. BA and BAA are using customer feedback to improve the quality and got positive feedback from most of the passengers. Hence it used these feedbacks to improve its quality service to its customers. When compared to other airports and other Heathrow terminals the time taken to check in and drop baggage has been greatly reduced. This saves passengers time and increase the time for shopping and spending. British Airport Authority reduced the time of waiting at security search in terminal 5 with queue less than 5 minutes. BA moved all its staff and flights in to terminal 5, and made signals promising. Now it uses powerful satellite signalling system to manage air traffic of flights and another satellite is under construction which is due to finish by 2011. After the management accepted its faults that it compromise in testing they applied many principles of management and rectified the whole mistakes and now terminal 5 is working properly, with 4000 car parking space, including car finders and help desk to find out lost cars, it has now its own railway station with six platforms connecting London underground and Heathrow express and lifts are working excellently handling 50 persons in one go all together, it has now automated kiosks where a passenger can cjesk in automatically and select seats and 140 desk are available for check in, and it has highly sophisticated single terminal baggage handling system whic is the best in Europe, and has major brands like Harrods, Hughes and Hughes, Links, Mapin, Paul smiths, Smythson, Cafe Nero, Starbucks, Gordon Ramsey, Giraffe, and Wagamama for customer service. Hence the Heathrow Terminal 5 is definitely a successful project.

Changing Policy on Medieval Heresy Essay -- essays research papers

Heresy, as defined by the medieval church, is 'an opinion chosen by human perception, found on the scriptures, contrary to the teachings of the church, publicly avowed and obstinately defended' (Moore ix). The word 'Heresy' originates from the Greek word, 'Hairesis', meaning 'choice' (George xi). During the Medieval time period, which stretched from the 700's to the 1400's, heresies became sought out as religious alternatives to the constraining Catholic Church (George 342, Roach 11). The common people began to become increasingly more educated (Roach 52). With this came the ability, the need, to question authority (Moore 3, Roach 59). Because of the Church's religious monopoly and the laity's demand for knowledge, heresy became a widespread practice across Europe during the Middle Ages, causing the Church to reconsider their methods of controlling the spread of heresy and devise new ways to appease the opposing heretical factions. The Roman Catholic Church, which had once been a unification of the churches of both the Byzantine Empire and the Western Empire, divided into the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Western Roman Catholic Church (Hamilton and Hamilton 4). The Eastern Orthodox Church, located in Constantinople, spoke out greatly against heresy: ?The Faith of the three hundreds and eighteen fathers assembled at Nicaea...shall not be set aside, but shall remain firm. And every heresy shall be anathematized? (Roach 10). The Church despised heresies and tried to abolish heresy using any method they could (Moore 8-10). Heresy?s spread through Europe was not appreciated by the Church, but it remained unquestioned by the larger part of the civilian population for a time because people began to make more choices in their lives... ...orced to reevaluate their means of suppressing the rising heresies and the heresies devised new ways to fit better into society (George xiv). Cited 1. George, Leonard. Crimes of Perception: an Encyclopedia of Heresies and Heretics. New York, Paragon House, 1995. 2. Hamilton, Janet and Bernard Hamilton. Christian Dualist Heresies in the Byzantine World c. 650-c. 1450. New York: Manchester University, 1998. 3. Lambert, Malcolm. Medieval Heresy: Popular Movements from Bogomil to Hus. New York: Homes & Meier, Inc, 1976. 4. Leff, Gordon. Heresy in the Later Middle Ages: The Relation of Heterodoxy to Dissent c. 1250-c. 1450. New York: Manchester University, 1969. 5. Moore, R.I. The Origins of European Dissent. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1985. 6. Roach, Andrew P. The Devil?s World: Heresy and Society 1100-1300. United Kingdom: Pearson Education, 2005.

India Today Essay

Slowly, but surely, in the year 2000, India is beginning to erase the Nehruvian social contract that created the public sector and bound the employees to a corporate unit and the corporate unit to the nation. In the age of restructuring and re-engineering that this has ushered, employees are no longer valued resources but expendable commodities. And likewise, the employers are no longer demi-gods and fuedal lords in one. They are going to become one with a mind-boggling scenario of a private sector, where the growing manager with the corporate experience of a lifetime might suddenly be written off as hopelessly old fashioned; and replaced with a young nerd, who along with, maybe the new owner’s driver, will be sitting on a stack of stock-options valued in millions. Clearly it is time to think seriously about wealth and what it means to be wealthy in India today. The last time Indians thought self-cautiously about being rich through joint holdings with non blacks, was in the 19th Century when the East India Company revealed to the worldly wise Indians occupying crucial positions within the system, the plunder-potential of their land. They got busy right away. This continued for almost a century till historic events triggered off a freedom struggle under Gandhi over the equitable distribution and domestication of India’s wealth. The idealism lasted barely two decades. Political debates then were all about the baneful influence of capitalism and money. It was okay to generate jobs but not great wealth which could corrupt our most sacred institutions. Slowly some crusading investigative journalists and economists followed this logic and began to glean disturbing facts about the trumpeters of this brand of Hindu socialism. They made dark revelations repeatedly about questionable personal behaviour and financial chicanery that they had discovered among various political groups in power.

Free Essays on Minority Women And The Glass Ceiling

Minority Women and The Glass Ceiling Two Wall Street Journal reporters first used the concept â€Å"Glass Ceiling† in 1986. Created to describe the invisible and artificial barriers that impeded women from advancing to senior leadership positions within organizations. Since then, the figure of speech the glass ceiling has also come to be applied to the advancement of minorities, deaf, blind, disabled, and sexual minorities. There is no doubt that ceilings and walls exist throughout most workplaces for minorities and women. These barriers limit the development and mobility opportunities of men and women of diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds. In this research the discussion will cover that given advances in the last ten years, have minority women shattered the glass ceiling? If there has been any studies done within the last two years, and, if so what did the data show. What profession shows the best results in eliminating the glass ceiling? What strategies were used in successful career fields? And are the strategies being shared? What is the future for women in the United States in professional fields? The suggestion of this inequality is important to all women at every level across the spectrum of job levels. Further, women entering the workforce should have every assurance that the same opportunities for compensation and advancement are available to them in the same manner as their male counterpart. The purpose of this research is for the researcher to gain understanding of the glass ceiling phenomenon and to explore its causes and effects. The glass ceiling is identified primarily as a women's issue; however, evidence shows that minorities are faced with overwhelming barriers as they attempt to move upward. The term describes the artificial area of stability, beyond which women and other minorities are denied the opportunity to advance to upper levels of executive management in corporate America. The glas... Free Essays on Minority Women And The Glass Ceiling Free Essays on Minority Women And The Glass Ceiling Minority Women and The Glass Ceiling Two Wall Street Journal reporters first used the concept â€Å"Glass Ceiling† in 1986. Created to describe the invisible and artificial barriers that impeded women from advancing to senior leadership positions within organizations. Since then, the figure of speech the glass ceiling has also come to be applied to the advancement of minorities, deaf, blind, disabled, and sexual minorities. There is no doubt that ceilings and walls exist throughout most workplaces for minorities and women. These barriers limit the development and mobility opportunities of men and women of diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds. In this research the discussion will cover that given advances in the last ten years, have minority women shattered the glass ceiling? If there has been any studies done within the last two years, and, if so what did the data show. What profession shows the best results in eliminating the glass ceiling? What strategies were used in successful career fields? And are the strategies being shared? What is the future for women in the United States in professional fields? The suggestion of this inequality is important to all women at every level across the spectrum of job levels. Further, women entering the workforce should have every assurance that the same opportunities for compensation and advancement are available to them in the same manner as their male counterpart. The purpose of this research is for the researcher to gain understanding of the glass ceiling phenomenon and to explore its causes and effects. The glass ceiling is identified primarily as a women's issue; however, evidence shows that minorities are faced with overwhelming barriers as they attempt to move upward. The term describes the artificial area of stability, beyond which women and other minorities are denied the opportunity to advance to upper levels of executive management in corporate America. The glas...

The Empowerment Effort-Sportsgear Case Study Essays

The Empowerment Effort-Sportsgear Case Study Essays The Empowerment Effort-Sportsgear Case Study Essay The Empowerment Effort-Sportsgear Case Study Essay Sportsgear was proclaim a new era of empowerment at the company. Sportgear had a host problems. Marketshare was declining in the face of foreign and domestic competition. New product was scarce , each department barely to speak one to another, morale was low and resumes had been flying out the door. Eventhough one of CEO at Sportsgear is starting with installing improved information technologies then pushing for customer service excellence. unfortunately one of CEO disagree with empowerment effort and he also did not understand the artistic process. But he is very loyal and also barrier to company. Company is moving slowly at delivery products to stores and making design changes. Company is deciding to use consultant to solve empowerment problems. Empoewrment it self is an act of building, developing and increasing power through cooperating, sharing and working together. As manager they act as a coach, facilitator, resource developer. On the other hand they are also able to informing, evaluating, dan motivating people around the company. Team members learned about the business by studying marketing, design, manufacturing and sales information. Visited a number of sportgear stores and talked with salespeople and customers. The aspiration for empowerment is good idea for company. Generating new idea, new spirit, new energy working with collagues in new and creative ways. Building developing and increasing power through cooperating, sharing and working together. Trust is outcome, something that develops gradually in organizations that are well designed and well led. The purpose of developing solutions that help other people do a better job of carrying out of company’s work. Company have adopted TQM or empowerment programs. SportsGear has indicated made some tactical mistakes in implementing empowerment. As a manager do not leave the meeting room the presentation. As a consultant they should give actual practice and real training and feedback of empowerment. However, the main problem at SportGear ia an add on. The empowerment can running successfully if they do not throw an organization into a chaos. At the moment sportgear has running unsuccessfully due to the distribution of decision making authority has not changed,the design of work and assignment of responsibility for work outcomes have remained unaltered and no revision of compensation. Kreitner, Robert Kinicki , Angelo 2007. Organizational Behaviour, 8th Edition Boston Irwin McGraw Hill Brinkman, Rick Kirschner, Rick 2002. Dealing with People You Can’t Change McGrawHill,

An e-commerce proposal for a company Case Study

An e-commerce proposal for a company - Case Study Example The human resource of Zorbas Group of Companies amounts today in 1200 individuals. The reason for choosing this company for my project is because it was initiated from a single family bakery business in a small village, and has moved from there to being one of the most successful companies in Cyprus today and I believe with the correct implementation of e-business models will improved the firm's standing in terms of cost reduction and customer satisfaction. The nature of Zorbas business may not require a well organized IT structure but the huge growth of the company the last years, created some room for improvement using the right e-business models-theories. EDI is the abbreviation for Electronic Data Interchange. In accordance with McLure (1996), the technology refers to the exchange of data between electronic medium in a structured manner. EDI, in its true sense, updates data in a real time manner. Classical examples of EDI include: McLure (1996) further states that EDI solely works on real time updates. Its various applications and benefits will be discussed as the proposal is about its application to the company under consideration. Primary research was conducted by means of informal conversation-cum-interviews with the senior management, and also various employees who are directly influenced by this process which is to be improved under this proposal. Secondary research was conducted by means of searching articles, journals, textbooks, and other literary resources present both online and in physical libraries. 2.2 Justification of the Methods used This report does not need loads of primary research, other than understanding the processes and their workings, because the major aim underlying herewith is that the right solution is to be proposed and presented, and by right, it implies the solution being feasible, suitable and acceptable to the management and the stakeholders. 2.3 Problems Encountered The major problem encountered here was the lack of documentation available at the company that could define the codes and mechanisms of communication and coordination between the production, distribution and sales units. Therefore, the data gathered can be anticipated to involve biasness from the company personnel who were the respondents. Absence of documentation also leads to the issue that the respondent bias cannot be eliminated, nor reduced. 2.4 Alternative Methods The concerned departments have been very busy to provide formal and informal information pertinent to the communication processes and procedures. However, there

Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 9

Case study - Essay Example She was quite vocal and articulate, greeting the other children with a Hello everyone! Child Z is from an Asian background but she approached other English children to ask, â€Å"you play with zu zu pets? This shows that Child Z is able to initiate interaction and blend well with her peers at the nursery school, even those from different ethnic backgrounds. This illustrates Vygotsky’s theory of cognitive development which stipulates that children tend to learn through their interactions with their surrounding culture. Z appears to be a self confident young person, who has learnt to interact confidently with those in her environment (Seigler, 2006), perhaps because of the high levels of love and attention she has received in her home environment. In the class, when the teacher demonstrated to the children how to make a paper boat, Z chimed in enthusiastically, â€Å"I do it! I make boat in the water†. She appears to have a strong sense of self esteem and is confident enough about being able to complete the task of making a boat (Hartup, 1992). This demonstrates the element of self regulation which Schaeffer mentions, where children tend to instruct themselves through their speech patterns (Schaeffer, 2003: 271). Piaget offered the view that early speech tends to be egocentric and is directed at the self, despite being spoken aloud, hence it has no particular function in terms of thinking (Schaeffer, 2003: 270), but Vygotsky saw such speech as externalized thought which children use actively for problem solving. The child Z appears to be well advanced cognitively, and her speech appears to be externalized thought in problem solving rather than being directed at the self. Linguistically, Child Z shows a very high level of linguistic development. She is vocal and articulate in her responses; when the lunchroom assistant asked Z what she had in her lunch box,